Characteristics

Boiling point (\91F.) : @ 1 atm \96109.3F (-78.5oC)

Triple point (\91F.) : @ 1 atm 76 (-56.66oC and 75.1 lbs/sqin.a)

Vapor pressure (psia) : @ 68F (20C) 831 psia (56,5 atm)

Solubility in water : @ 68F (20C), 1 atm 87.8% by volume

Vapor density (lb/cu ft) : @ 68F (20C), 1 atm 0.115

Specific gravity (AIR=1) : @ 68F (20C), 1 atm 1.53

Liquid density (lb/cu ft) : @ -35 (-37oC) 11 atm 68.74

Specific gravity (H20=1) : Solid @ -110F (-79C),1 atm 1.56

AERATED BEVERAGES

AERATED BEVERAGES

Carbon di-oxide (Co2) is a fundamental ingredient of all carbonated beverages, beer, soft drinks and mineral waters. Co2 offers additi- onal benefits like increased product stability, flavour enhancement, boosted texture impression and freshness visual communication.

To start with, forming a sugar and water syrup and making extracts made up of fruit juice, aromatic substances is taken up. These are thoroughly mixed into a soft drink concentrate to give a syrup mixt- ure. The water is deaerated to avoid oxidation reactions that can d- estroy the aromatic substances. For carbonated drinks, carbon dioxi- de is dissolved into the water at low temperatures under high press- ures and a carbonation machine is used to add carbon dioxide.

The syrup and carbonated water are then mixed in the correct propor tions according to their formulation prior to bottling, storage and then transportation of the finished soft drink product to the consumer.

The presence of carbon dioxide prevents mould growth and the high le- vels of acidity and carbonation help to inhibit the growth of yeasts and l- actic acid bacteria.

Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguisher is a must every where (ie home, office, commercial complexes, factories etc.)

The three essential elements involved in producing fire are fuel, heat and oxygen. To put out a fire, we have to effectively remove one of these elements.

Removing the fuel is the most difficult approach for most fires. By pouring water on the fire, we can remove heat.

To remove oxygen, we can ensure surrounding the fire with enough Co2.

Cashew Packing

Carbon di-oxide (Co2) with its varied inherent properties suit the cashew industry in more than one way. Co2 is used in cashew industry for packi-ng and transportation proposes. Co2 is used in tin containers & flex-i packs.

Functions of the Co2 in Cashew packing are :

¨ Co2 displaces the oxygen from the container and hence the microbes fee- l difficult to breathe.

¨ High freezing point of Co2 (i.e. (-) 78.5 °C) inhibits the growth of both the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria dur-ing handling, packing, and transportation of cashew.

¨ Co2 ensures the inertness.

Co2 finds better usage in cashew industry when used as a mixture along wit- h nitrogen.

Breweries

There are four main ingredients in beer namely barley, water, hops and yeast. In brewing, a process called the mash conver- ts the starches in the malted barley into fermentable sugars. The next step in the beer brewing process is called the boil. During fermentation process, yeast converts the glucose in the wort to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide gas and this giving th- e beer both its alcohol content and its carbonation. When the s- pecific gravity has reached a predetermined level, addition of ca- rbon dioxide is stopped. As the fermentation continues, producti- on of Co2 also continues. This is how the beer gets most of its ca- rbonation, and the rest will be added manually later in the proce- ss. Extra needed quantities of carbon dioxide is added at the end. After that, the beer bottle is closed with cap.

Purging the beer bottle with Co2 several times before it is filled is also taking place in the industry. The bottles are pressurized with Co2 so that when the beer is forced into the bottles under pressu- re it doesn’t foam up too much.

Appearance and odor

: Carbon dioxide is colorless and odorless as gas or liquid. It is stored in containers under its own vapor pressure. If the pressure is suddenly relieved, the liquid rapidly cools as it evaporates and sublimes, forming dry ice at \96109.3F (-78.5C)

TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Carbon dioxide is a minor but important constituent of the atmosphere, averaging about 0.03% or 300 ppm by volume. At higher concentrations it affects the respiratory rate. Additional symptoms are described above.

SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (Specify type)

Use self-contained breathing apparatus in oxygen-deficient atmospheres or where carbon dioxide exceeds 1.5%. CAUT ION! Respirators will not function. Use may result in asphy- xiation.

VENTILATION (Natural or mechanical where gas is present)

Local exhaust – Special May be useful at point sources of Co2 vapors.

Mechanical – General – Other Where low lying areas are not naturally ventilated. Vents should be situated to avoid higher than normal concentration of helium in work areas. Protective Gloves Loose fittings gloves of impermeable material such as leather when working with cold liquid, solid, or vapor.

Eye protection Safety glasses are recommended when handling high-pressure cylinders and in areas where vapors are discharged.

OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT None SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS & PACKINGS

OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS OR PRECAUTIONS

In applications where temperatures less than -20F (-29C) are expected, avoid the use of carbon steel and other materials which become brittle at low temperatures. Compressed gas should not be refilled except by qualified producers of compressed gases. Shipment of a compressed gas without the permission of the owner is a violation of DoE. The atmosphere in areas in which Co2 gas may be vented and collected should be tested with a portable or continuous monitoring Co2 gas analyzer

* Various Government agencies (i.e., Department of Explosives – Government of India, Local Body of Saf- ety and Health Administration, Food and Drug Admi- nistration and others like environmental, pollution co- ntrol, Factory Inspectorate) may have specific regula- tions concerning the transportation handling, storage or use of this product and equipment which has not be reflected in this data sheet. The customer should revi- ew these regulations to ensure that he is in full compli- ance.

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

TLV = 5000 ppm [TLV-STEL (Short Term Exposure-Limit) = 15000 ppm (1.5% by vol.)]

SYMPTOMS IF INGESTED, CONTACTED WITH SKIN, OR VAPOR INHALED

Carbon dioxide does not support life and may produce immediately hazardous atmospheres. At a concentrati- on In excess of 1.5%, carbon dioxide may produce hy-perventilation, headaches, visual disturbances,. tremor, loss of consciousnessand, death. Symptoms of exposu-re In the concentration ranges of 1.55% may be highly variable, but typical symptoms of carbondioxide intoxic-ation include the following:

• Co2 concentration : Symptoms
• 3-6% : Headaches, dyspnea, perspiration
• 6-10% : Headache, dyspnea, perspiration, tremors, visual disturbance, unconsciousness
• Over 10% : Unconsciousness

If the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 10%, uncon-sciousness can occur without warning, preventing selfrescue. At much higher concentrations, carbon dioxide displaces the oxygen in air below levels necessary to support life.

RECOMMENDED FIRST AID TREATMENT

Persons suffering from the toxic effect of carbonadioxide should be moved to areas with normal atmosphere.

SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUSMAY BE NECESSARYTO PREVENT TOXIC EXPOSURE OR ASPHYXIATION OF RESCUEWO-RKERS. Assisted respiration and supplementaloxygen should be

given if the victim is not breathing.Frozen tissues should be flooded water (105-115F; 41-46C). DO NOT USE HOT WATER.

Cryogenic burns, which result in blistering or deep tissue freezing, sh-ould be seen promptly by a physician.

SPECIAL LABELING INFORMATION

Carbon dioxide shipment must be in accordance with Department of Explosives, Government of India regulations using the “NON FLAMMABLE GAS” label.

SPECIAL HANDLING RECOMMENDATIONS

Prevent contact of liquid Co2, cold vapors, or carbon dioxide “snow” with exposed skin. Prevent entrapment of liquid in closed systems. Never use direct flame to heat a compressed gas. Also avoid dragging, rolli- ng, or sliding, even for a short distance. Use a suitable hand truck.

SPECIAL STORAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

Store liquid containers in well ventilated areas. Storage should not be in heavy traffic areas to prevent accidental knocking over or damage from passing or falling objects. Storage areas should be free of combustible material. Avoid exposure to areas where salt or other corrosive chemicals are present.

* See the conditions of storage licence in Form III with reference to Rule 49 & 50 of SMPV (V) Rules.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RE-LEASED OR SPILLED

Carbon dioxide in small quantities will vaporize leaving behind carbon dioxide “snow” (a combination of dry ice and water ice where atmosp heric moisture is present). Ventilate indoor areas well to avoid hazard ous carbon dioxide concentrations. Ventilate well and avoid contact with cold vapors or dry ice. Carbon dioxide is a heavy gas and will remain in low spots without assisted ventilation

WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD

When disposing of bulk quantities of Carbon dioxide from refrigerated storage tanks, always dispose of Carbon dioxide outside in a well ventilated location away from work areas, where vapors can disperse, vent to the atmosphere slowly since rapid depressurization of the container will cause the formation of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) internally, requiring longer periods to vaporize and risking to the vessel.

REACTIVITIY DATA

Stability : Unstable (conditions to avoid) Incompatibility (Materials to avoid : If moisture is present, materials must resist carbonic acid Hazardous polymerization : may occur (Conditions to avoid)